In today’s class we started with Sinclair and Coulthard Model of Discourse Analysis. According to this model, in a class the lesson is divided into transactions which is further divided into exchanges which is further divided into moves which is further divided into acts. According to this model there are 22 acts which are marker, starter, elicitation, check, directive, informative, prompt, clue, cue, bid, nomination, acknowledge, reply, react, comment, accept, evaluation, metastatement, conclusion, loop, aside and silent stress. A move consists of acts, and in turn combining together form exchange. There are five different types of moves which are framing move, focusing move, opening move, answering move and follow up move.

Exchange means simply the exchange of conversation and more specifically the exchange of topics from one to another. Exchange also is divided into different sub-category, e.g. Boundary or teaching at boundary exchange signals the beginning and the ending what a teacher thinks to be a stage in the lesson. Usually, it consists two moves framing and focusing.

Usually transactions begin with a preliminary exchange and they complete with a final exchange. It has structure in terms of exchanges. It often begins and ends with boundary exchange which consists of a frame and or a focus followed.

Then he gave us some examples showing that discourse can be both process and product. According to Richard (1985:229l,” Two views of discourse: as product and as process is a distinction between a completed act of communication (product) and the underlying abilities and skills used in producing it (process).