Today also we continued from where we had left last time. We made sense out of different phrases and images shown to us. We also learnt about locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary acts. Locutionary acts mean saying something about something using words while Illocutionary mean doing something by saying something and Perlocutionary mean the effect of the utterance on the hearer. To sum up the types of speech acts they are as follows:

• Verdictives (e.g. estimating, assessing, describing);
• Exercitives (ordering, appointing, advising);
• Commissives (promising, betting);
• Behabitives (apologizing, congratulating, thanking);
• Expositives (arguing, insisting).

`     We also learnt that During the 1970s, some language specialists began to argue that teaching learners the formal elements of second and foreign language was insufficient, and that following the work of people such as Austin and Searle, teachers should also teach language functions. Accordingly, teaching materials and procedures began to reflect this change of emphasis.

We also learnt about discourse markers. Discourse markers can be specified, in terms of their functions, as follows: Focusing and Linking, contrasts, concession, contradicting, balancing, dismissal, similarity, change of subject structuring, adding, generalizing, exemplification, logical consequence, correcting, gaining time, showing attitude, persuading and summing up.